Environmental Factors Affecting Cognitive Function Among Community-dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Background Although neighborhood environmental factors have been found to be associated with cognitive decline, few longitudinal studies focused on their effect among older adults living in rural areas. This study aimed investigate the of decline adults. Methods The data 503 aged > 60 years who were Unnan City Japan and had participated two surveys conducted between 2014 2018 analyzed. Cognitive function was assessed using Assessment for Dementia, iPad version 2. Elevation, hilliness, residential density, proximity a community center measured geographic information system. Logistic regression examined each factor (in quartiles: Q1-Q4) decline. Results A total 57 (11.3%) participants demonstrated decrease at follow up. Elevation (Odds ratio (OR): 3.37, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.11-10.20 Q3 vs. Q1; OR: 5.43, CI: 1.89-15.56 Q4 Q1) hilliness (OR: 3.45, 1.46-8.11 higher likelihood Residential density distance not Conclusions Elevated hilly environments may increase risk Key messages Residents mountainous regions tend limited accessibility various centers. Those live elevated areas within further availability locations where they can interact others.